Bond rotation refers to the ability of atoms in a molecule to rotate around a single covalent bond, which can lead to different spatial arrangements called conformations. This rotation is restricted in double and triple bonds due to the presence of pi bonds, which lock the atoms in place and prevent rotation.

Bond Rotation

Bond rotation

atoms in a molecule

single covalent bond

different spatial arrangements

conformations

Double bonds occur when two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms, resulting in a stronger and shorter bond compared to a single bond. This bonding affects molecular geometry and properties, playing a critical role in the structure and reactivity of organic molecules.

Double Bonds

triple bonds

Pi bonds are covalent chemical bonds formed by the side-to-side overlap of atomic orbitals, typically p orbitals, and are crucial in determining the geometry and reactivity of molecules. They are weaker than sigma bonds due to the lesser extent of orbital overlap and are often found in double and triple bonds, contributing to the rigidity and planarity of molecules like alkenes and alkynes.

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