Better outcomes mean things turn out really well, like when you do a good job on a drawing or win a game. It's about making sure everything goes the best way it can, so everyone is happy and things work out nicely.
Earth System Science is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to understand the Earth as a complex, dynamic system of interacting components, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of these components and how human activities influence and are influenced by Earth's processes and systems.