White dwarfs are the remnants of stars that have exhausted their nuclear fuel and have collapsed into a dense, Earth-sized object composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter. They represent the final evolutionary state of stars not massive enough to become neutron stars or black holes, gradually cooling and fading over billions of years.

White Dwarfs

White dwarfs

remnants of stars

Nuclear fuel is a material used in nuclear reactors to sustain a nuclear chain reaction, primarily composed of isotopes like Uranium-235 or Plutonium-239. The efficiency and energy output of nuclear fuel are determined by its enrichment level and the reactor design in which it is used.

nuclear fuel

Dense object

Earth-sized object

electron-degenerate matter

final evolutionary state of stars

Neutron stars are the remnants of massive stars that have undergone supernova explosions, resulting in an incredibly dense object primarily composed of neutrons. They exhibit extreme gravitational and magnetic fields, and their study provides insights into fundamental physics and the behavior of matter under extreme conditions.

neutron stars

Black holes are regions in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from them. They are formed when massive stars collapse under their own gravity at the end of their life cycles, leading to singularities surrounded by an event horizon.

Your Courses

Relevant Degrees

Your Lessons