Thin-film transistors (TFTs) are a type of field-effect transistor made by depositing thin films of an active semiconductor layer as well as the dielectric layer and metallic contacts over a supporting substrate. They are crucial components in modern display technologies, such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, due to their ability to control pixel illumination with high precision and low power consumption.

Thin-film Transistors

Thin-film transistors

A Field-Effect Transistor (FET) is a type of transistor that uses an electric field to control the flow of current, making it a crucial component in modern electronics due to its high efficiency and low power consumption. FETs are widely used in integrated circuits, amplifiers, and switching applications due to their ability to operate at high speeds and with minimal noise interference.

field-effect transistor

active semiconductor layer

A dielectric layer is a non-conductive material that can store electrical energy when subjected to an electric field, commonly used in capacitors and insulating layers in electronic devices. Its effectiveness is characterized by its dielectric constant and breakdown voltage, which determine its ability to store charge and withstand electric fields without failing.

dielectric layer

Metallic contacts are crucial interfaces in electronic devices, enabling efficient charge transfer between different materials. They are designed to minimize resistance and ensure stable electrical performance, often involving careful material selection and surface engineering.

metallic contacts

supporting substrate

modern display technologies

Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) utilize liquid crystals combined with polarizers to modulate light and produce images on screens, commonly used in televisions, monitors, and smartphones. They offer advantages such as low power consumption and thin form factors, but require backlighting for visibility, unlike emissive displays like OLEDs.

liquid crystal displays

LCDs

Organic light-emitting diode displays

OLED displays, or Organic Light Emitting Diodes, offer superior color accuracy, contrast, and energy efficiency compared to traditional LCD screens, by using organic compounds that emit light when an electric current is applied. They are increasingly used in high-end TVs, smartphones, and wearable devices due to their ability to produce vibrant images, deeper blacks, and slimmer form factors.

OLED Displays

pixel illumination

high precision

Low power consumption refers to the design and operation of devices and systems that use minimal energy to perform their functions, thereby extending battery life and reducing energy costs. It is crucial in the development of sustainable technologies and is a key consideration in the design of electronic devices, data centers, and communication networks.

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