Thermal energy transfer involves the movement of heat from one object or substance to another, driven by temperature differences. This process occurs through three primary mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation, each with distinct characteristics and applications.

Thermal Energy Transfer

Thermal energy transfer

movement of heat

temperature differences

Conduction is the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or electrical potential, without movement of the material. It occurs at the microscopic level as energy is transferred between particles through collisions and interactions.

conduction

Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, driven by the temperature-induced density differences within the fluid. It plays a crucial role in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, influencing weather patterns and climate systems.

convection

Radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. It encompasses a wide range of phenomena, from electromagnetic radiation like light and radio waves to particle radiation such as alpha and beta particles.

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