A spontaneous process is a physical or chemical change that occurs without the need for external energy input, driven by an increase in entropy and a decrease in free energy. These processes tend to move towards equilibrium, where the system's energy is minimized and disorder is maximized.

Spontaneous Process

spontaneous process

A physical change is when something looks different, but it is still the same thing. Like when you break a cookie in half, it's still a cookie, just in two pieces.

Physical Change

chemical change

external energy input

increase in entropy

decrease in free energy

Equilibrium refers to a state where opposing forces or influences are balanced, resulting in a stable system. It is a fundamental concept across various disciplines, indicating a condition where variables remain constant over time unless disturbed by external factors.

equilibrium

system's energy

Disorder refers to the disruption of systematic functioning or neat arrangement, often implying a state of confusion or lack of organization. It can manifest in various domains such as mental health, physics, and social systems, each with its own implications and frameworks for understanding and addressing the chaos.

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