Sigma bonds are the strongest type of covalent chemical bond formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals. They allow for free rotation around the bond axis, which is a key feature distinguishing them from pi bonds.

Sigma Bonds

Sigma bonds

strongest type of covalent chemical bond

head-on overlap of atomic orbitals

free rotation around the bond axis

Key feature distinguishing sigma bonds from pi bonds

Pi bonds are covalent chemical bonds formed by the side-to-side overlap of atomic orbitals, typically p orbitals, and are crucial in determining the geometry and reactivity of molecules. They are weaker than sigma bonds due to the lesser extent of orbital overlap and are often found in double and triple bonds, contributing to the rigidity and planarity of molecules like alkenes and alkynes.

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