A primary electron is an electron that is initially emitted or ejected from an atom or molecule, typically due to external energy sources such as electron beams or X-rays. These electrons play a crucial role in initiating various physical processes, including secondary electron emission and the generation of electron cascades in materials.

Primary Electron

primary electron

Electron emission is the process by which electrons are ejected from a material, typically a metal, due to external stimuli such as heat, light, or electric fields. This phenomenon is crucial in various applications, including cathode ray tubes, electron microscopes, and vacuum tubes, where controlling electron flow is essential.

electron emission

atom or molecule

external energy sources

Electron beams are streams of electrons focused and accelerated to high speeds, commonly used in applications like electron microscopy and radiation therapy. Their behavior is governed by electromagnetic fields, allowing precise control and manipulation for scientific and industrial purposes.

electron beams

X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet light, allowing them to penetrate various materials and reveal internal structures. They are widely used in medical imaging, security scanning, and scientific research due to their ability to provide detailed images of opaque objects.

X-rays

physical processes

Secondary Electron Emission (SEE) is a phenomenon where primary incident electrons striking a material cause the ejection of secondary electrons from the material's surface. This process is significant in various applications, including electron multipliers, cathode ray tubes, and surface analysis techniques, as it influences the efficiency and performance of these devices.

secondary electron emission

Electron cascades occur when a high-energy electron interacts with a material, causing a series of secondary electron emissions and energy transfers. This process is fundamental to understanding phenomena in fields like particle physics, radiation detection, and semiconductor technology.

electron cascades

Materials are substances or mixtures used as inputs to create products or structures, playing a crucial role in determining the functionality, durability, and sustainability of the final outcome. Their properties, such as strength, flexibility, conductivity, and resistance to environmental factors, are fundamental in selecting the appropriate material for specific applications.

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