Polymerization reactions are chemical processes that combine small molecules called monomers into a covalently bonded chain or network, forming a polymer. This transformation can occur through various mechanisms such as addition polymerization or condensation polymerization, each with distinct pathways and characteristics.

Polymerization Reaction

Polymerization reactions

Chemical processes involve the transformation of substances through chemical reactions, often resulting in the formation of new compounds with distinct properties. These processes are fundamental to numerous industries, including pharmaceuticals, energy, and materials science, and are governed by principles of thermodynamics, kinetics, and reaction mechanisms.

chemical processes

Small molecules are low molecular weight organic compounds that can regulate biological processes, making them crucial in drug development and biological research. Their ability to easily diffuse across cell membranes allows them to interact with intracellular targets, offering a versatile tool for modulating cellular functions.

small molecules

Monomers are the basic building blocks of polymers, which are large molecules composed of repeating structural units. Understanding monomers is crucial for fields like chemistry and materials science, as they determine the properties and functions of the resulting polymers.

monomers

covalently bonded chain

Covalently bonded network

Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units called monomers, which are covalently bonded to form long chains or networks. They exhibit diverse properties and applications, ranging from plastics and rubbers to biological macromolecules like DNA and proteins.

polymer

Addition polymerization is a chemical reaction where monomers with double or triple bonds join together to form a polymer without the loss of any small molecules. This process is typically initiated by free radicals, cations, or anions that open the monomer's unsaturated bonds, linking them into long chains with high molecular weight.

addition polymerization

Condensation polymerization is a chemical process where monomers join together to form a polymer and release small molecules, such as water or methanol, as by-products. This type of polymerization is characterized by the formation of covalent bonds between monomers with the simultaneous elimination of a small molecule, leading to high molecular weight polymers with repeating structural units.

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