The pin-hole camera model is a simplified mathematical model used in computer vision and graphics to describe how a 3D scene is projected onto a 2D image plane, using a single point (the pin-hole) as the optical center. This model assumes an idealized camera without lenses, where light rays pass through a single point to form an inverted image on the opposite plane, providing a basis for understanding perspective projection and camera calibration.

Pin-hole Camera Model

pin-hole camera model

simplified mathematical model

Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that enables computers to interpret and make decisions based on visual data from the world. It combines techniques from image processing, machine learning, and neural networks to allow machines to recognize objects, track movements, and understand scenes in a manner similar to human vision.

computer vision

graphics

3D scene

2D image plane

single point

The optical center of a lens or optical system is the point where light rays entering the lens parallel to the optical axis converge after refraction. It is a critical reference point in optics, often used in the design and alignment of lenses and optical instruments to ensure accurate image formation.

optical center

idealized camera

Light rays are abstract representations used in optics to describe the path along which light energy travels. They are crucial for understanding phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and image formation in lenses and mirrors.

light rays

inverted image

opposite plane

Perspective projection is a technique used in computer graphics and art to simulate the way objects appear smaller as they get further away from the viewer, mimicking human eye perception. It is crucial for creating realistic three-dimensional scenes on two-dimensional surfaces, as it maintains the depth and scale of objects relative to the viewer's point of view.

perspective projection

Camera calibration is the process of estimating the parameters of a camera to correct distortions and achieve accurate image measurements. It involves determining the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the camera to map the 3D world onto a 2D image plane accurately.

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