The photovoltaic effect is the generation of voltage and electric current in a material upon exposure to light, forming the fundamental principle behind solar cells. This process involves the absorption of photons, which excites electrons, creating electron-hole pairs that are separated by an internal electric field to produce electricity.

Photovoltaic Effect

photovoltaic effect

generation of voltage

Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, typically measured in amperes. It is a fundamental aspect of electricity, enabling the operation of electrical devices and the transmission of power across distances.

electric current

Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. They are a key technology in renewable energy, offering a sustainable solution to reducing dependence on fossil fuels and minimizing environmental impact.

solar cells

absorption of photons

Excitation of electrons

Electron-hole pairs are crucial in semiconductor physics, where they are generated when an electron in the valence band gains enough energy to move to the conduction band, leaving a hole behind. This process enables conduction of electricity as the electrons and holes move through the material, playing a fundamental role in the operation of devices such as diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.

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