Paraxial optics deals with the approximation used in analyzing optical systems by assuming small angles of incidence and simple, linear relationships between angles and distances. It simplifies the study of lenses and mirrors, providing foundational insights into image formation by neglecting higher-order aberrations.

Paraxial Optics

Paraxial optics

Optical systems are assemblies of lenses, mirrors, and other optical elements designed to manipulate light to achieve specific functions such as imaging, focusing, or directing light beams. They are fundamental in various fields, from everyday devices like cameras and eyeglasses to advanced technologies in scientific research and telecommunications.

optical systems

small angles of incidence

A linear relationship is a mathematical connection between two variables where the change in one variable is proportional to the change in the other, typically represented by a straight line on a graph. This relationship is expressed by the equation y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.

linear relationships

Lenses are optical devices that focus or disperse light beams through refraction, essential for correcting vision, capturing images, and scientific research. They come in various shapes and materials, each designed for specific applications, from eyeglasses to telescopes and microscopes.

lenses

Mirrors are reflective surfaces that create virtual images by reflecting light according to the law of reflection, which states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. They are used in various applications, from personal grooming and interior design to scientific instruments and optical devices.

mirrors

Image formation is the process by which a visual representation of an object is created on a medium, such as a screen or film, through the manipulation of light. This process involves the interplay of optical principles, such as reflection, refraction, and diffraction, to accurately capture and display the object's properties.

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