Over-irrigation refers to the excessive application of water to agricultural fields, which can lead to waterlogging, soil degradation, and reduced crop yields. It often results in the depletion of water resources, increased salinity, and can cause environmental harm by promoting the leaching of nutrients and agrochemicals into water bodies.

Over-Irrigation

Excessive application of water

Agricultural Fields

Waterlogging occurs when soil is saturated with water, leading to a lack of oxygen for plant roots and potentially causing plant stress or death. This condition is often the result of excessive rainfall, poor drainage, or over-irrigation, and can have significant impacts on agriculture and ecosystems.

Waterlogging

Soil degradation refers to the decline in soil quality and productivity due to various factors such as erosion, contamination, and loss of organic matter, which can lead to diminished agricultural yields and ecosystem health. It is a critical environmental issue that affects food security, biodiversity, and climate regulation, necessitating sustainable land management practices to mitigate its impacts.

Soil Degradation

Reduced crop yields

Depletion of water resources

Increased salinity

Environmental harm refers to the negative impact human activities have on the natural world, leading to degradation of ecosystems, loss of biodiversity, and adverse effects on human health. It encompasses a wide range of issues from pollution and deforestation to climate change, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable practices and conservation efforts.

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