Observed variables are measurable quantities in a study that researchers can directly assess and record, serving as the empirical basis for testing hypotheses and building models. They are contrasted with latent variables, which are not directly measurable and require indirect methods to be inferred from observed data.

Observed Variables

Observed variables

measurable quantities

empirical basis

testing hypotheses

building models

Latent variables are unobserved variables that are inferred from observed data, often used to explain patterns or structures that are not directly measurable. They are crucial in statistical models such as factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and latent class analysis, providing a way to model complex phenomena by capturing hidden influences or traits.

latent variables

indirect methods

Observed data refers to information collected through direct measurement or observation of a phenomenon, often used as the foundation for statistical analysis and empirical research. It is crucial for validating hypotheses and building models that reflect real-world conditions and behaviors.

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