Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics is a branch of physics that studies systems not in thermodynamic equilibrium, focusing on how they evolve over time and approach equilibrium. It is crucial for understanding real-world processes where systems are driven by external forces, leading to phenomena such as transport processes, phase transitions, and fluctuations far from equilibrium.

Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics

branch of physics

Thermodynamic equilibrium is a state where a system's macroscopic properties remain constant over time, with no net flow of energy or matter. It implies that the system is in thermal, mechanical, and chemical equilibrium, ensuring uniform temperature, pressure, and chemical potential throughout.

thermodynamic equilibrium

how they evolve over time

approach equilibrium

real-world processes

External forces are influences originating outside a system that can affect its behavior, performance, or structure. They play a crucial role in fields like physics, economics, and business, determining how systems interact with their environments and adapt to changes.

external forces

Transport processes refer to the mechanisms by which particles, energy, or substances move through a medium, driven by gradients such as concentration, temperature, or pressure. These processes are fundamental in fields like physics, chemistry, and engineering, governing phenomena from heat conduction to fluid dynamics.

transport processes

Phase transitions are transformations between different states of matter, such as solid, liquid, and gas, characterized by abrupt changes in physical properties. These transitions occur at specific conditions of temperature and pressure, and are often associated with critical phenomena and symmetry breaking.

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