Islamic chronology is based on the Hijri calendar, which is a lunar calendar starting from the year of the Prophet Muhammad's migration (Hijra) from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE. It consists of 12 months and is used to determine the dates of Islamic holidays and rituals, with each year being approximately 11 days shorter than the Gregorian calendar.

Islamic Chronology

Islamic chronology

The Hijri calendar, also known as the Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 months in a year of 354 or 355 days, used primarily to determine Islamic holidays and rituals. It began in 622 CE with the Hijra, the migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, marking the start of the Islamic era.

Hijri calendar

The lunar calendar is a timekeeping system based on the cycles of the Moon's phases, with each month beginning with the new moon and lasting approximately 29.5 days. This calendar is used in various cultural and religious contexts, influencing festivals, rituals, and agricultural practices worldwide.

lunar calendar

year of the Prophet Muhammad's migration

Hijra refers to a traditional third gender role in South Asia, recognized culturally and in some legal contexts, encompassing individuals who may be transgender, intersex, or eunuchs. This community has a long history, with roles ranging from spiritual to ceremonial, and faces significant social and legal challenges despite some progress in recognition.

Hijra

Mecca is the holiest city in Islam, located in Saudi Arabia, and is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad. It is the site of the Kaaba, the direction of Muslim prayer, and the destination of the Hajj pilgrimage, one of the Five Pillars of Islam.

Mecca

Medina, officially known as Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, is the second holiest city in Islam, located in Saudi Arabia, and is the burial place of the Prophet Muhammad. It is a major pilgrimage destination, especially during the annual Hajj, and is home to the Prophet's Mosque, which is one of the largest mosques in the world.

Medina

Islamic holidays are significant religious observances that follow the Islamic lunar calendar, with dates varying each year. They are marked by communal prayers, feasting, and acts of charity, reflecting the core values and historical events of Islam.

Islamic holidays

Islamic rituals are a fundamental aspect of the Muslim faith, encompassing daily practices, annual observances, and life events that are performed with devotion to Allah. These rituals are not only acts of worship but also serve to strengthen community bonds and reinforce the spiritual and ethical principles of Islam.

Islamic Rituals

The Gregorian calendar is the internationally accepted civil calendar introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 to reform the Julian calendar, primarily to correct the drift of the equinoxes. It achieves greater accuracy by introducing a system of leap years that omits three leap days every 400 years, ensuring that the average year length closely aligns with the Earth's orbit around the Sun.

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