The hypoglossal nerve, also known as cranial nerve XII, is primarily responsible for motor control of the muscles of the tongue, which is crucial for speech and swallowing. Damage to this nerve can result in tongue weakness or atrophy, leading to difficulties with speech articulation and swallowing.

Hypoglossal Nerve

hypoglossal nerve

cranial nerve XII

motor control of the muscles of the tongue

Speech is the vocalized form of human communication, involving the use of phonetic sounds to convey meaning. It is a complex process that integrates cognitive, linguistic, and physiological components to facilitate interaction and expression.

speech

Swallowing is a complex physiological process that involves the coordinated action of muscles and nerves to safely transport food and liquid from the mouth to the stomach. It is divided into three phases: oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal, each crucial for preventing aspiration and ensuring efficient digestion.

swallowing

Damage to the hypoglossal nerve

tongue weakness

Tongue atrophy refers to the wasting or loss of muscle mass in the tongue, which can significantly impact speech, swallowing, and taste. It is often a symptom of underlying neurological or muscular disorders, requiring prompt medical evaluation to address the root cause and manage symptoms.

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