Hund's rule states that electrons will fill degenerate orbitals singly and with parallel spins before pairing up, to minimize electron-electron repulsions and maximize total spin. This principle is crucial for determining the ground state electron configurations of atoms and understanding their magnetic properties.

Hund's Rule

Hund's rule

Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative electric charge, fundamental to the structure of atoms and the flow of electricity. They play a crucial role in chemical bonding and are key to understanding quantum mechanics and electromagnetic interactions.

electrons

degenerate orbitals

parallel spins

electron-electron repulsions

total spin

ground state electron configurations

atoms

Magnetic properties refer to the behavior of materials in response to magnetic fields, which is determined by the alignment of atomic magnetic moments. These properties are crucial in applications ranging from data storage to medical imaging, and they vary widely among materials, leading to classifications such as ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic.

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