Galactic formation is the process by which gas, dust, and dark matter coalesce under gravity to form galaxies, which evolve over billions of years through complex interactions such as mergers and star formation. This process is fundamental to understanding the large-scale structure of the universe and the evolution of cosmic matter from the Big Bang to the present day.

Galactic Formation

Dust

Dark matter is a form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible and detectable only through its gravitational effects on visible matter. It is believed to constitute approximately 27% of the universe, influencing the structure and evolution of galaxies and galaxy clusters.

Dark Matter

Gravity is a fundamental force of nature that attracts two bodies with mass towards each other, playing a crucial role in the structure and behavior of the universe. It governs the motion of celestial bodies, influences tides, and is essential for phenomena such as the orbits of planets and the falling of objects on Earth.

Gravity

Galaxies are massive systems composed of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter, bound together by gravity. They are the fundamental building blocks of the universe, each containing millions to trillions of stars and varying greatly in size, structure, and composition.

Galaxies

Complex interactions refer to the intricate and often unpredictable ways in which different elements or systems influence each other, leading to outcomes that cannot be easily deduced from the properties of the individual components alone. These interactions are fundamental in understanding phenomena in fields ranging from ecology to economics, where the behavior of the whole system is more than just the sum of its parts.

Complex Interactions

Mergers

Star formation is a complex process that occurs in molecular clouds, where regions of high density and low temperature allow gravity to overcome pressure, leading to the collapse of gas and dust into protostars. This process is influenced by various factors including turbulence, magnetic fields, and feedback from nearby stars, ultimately determining the mass and evolution of the newly formed star.

Star Formation

The large-scale structure of the universe refers to the organization and distribution of matter on cosmic scales, characterized by a vast network of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and dark matter forming a cosmic web. This structure is shaped by gravitational interactions and the initial conditions set by the Big Bang, and is studied through observations of galaxy distributions and cosmic microwave background radiation.

Large-scale Structure Of The Universe

Evolution of cosmic matter

The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model explaining the observable universe's origin from an extremely hot and dense singularity approximately 13.8 billion years ago. It describes the universe's expansion and the formation of fundamental particles, leading to the development of galaxies, stars, and planets over time.

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