Direct observation is a data collection method where the observer watches subjects in their natural environment without interference, providing real-time insights into behaviors and interactions. This method is valuable for obtaining authentic data but can be limited by observer bias and the Hawthorne effect, where subjects alter their behavior because they are being observed.

Direct Observation

data collection method

Direct observation

subjects in their natural environment

real-time insights

authentic data

Observer bias occurs when a researcher's expectations or personal beliefs influence the data collection or interpretation process, potentially skewing results. This bias can undermine the validity of a study by introducing subjective elements into what should be objective observations.

observer bias

The Hawthorne Effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior in response to being observed or knowing they are part of an experiment. This effect highlights the importance of considering participant awareness in research design, as it can impact the validity of study results.

Hawthorne effect

Altered behavior

Behavioral Insights leverage findings from psychology and behavioral economics to understand and influence human behavior in decision-making processes. By applying these insights, policies and interventions can be designed to nudge individuals towards better choices without restricting their freedom of choice.

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