Covalent compounds are chemical substances formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, typically between nonmetals, resulting in the formation of molecules with distinct properties such as low melting and boiling points. These compounds exhibit strong intramolecular forces within the molecule but often have weaker intermolecular forces, affecting their physical states and solubility characteristics.

Covalent Compounds

Covalent compounds

chemical substances

electron pairs

Nonmetals are elements that lack the metallic attributes and are found on the right side of the periodic table. They are characterized by high electronegativity, poor electrical conductivity, and the ability to form covalent bonds.

nonmetals

Molecules are the smallest units of a chemical compound that retain the composition and chemical properties of that compound, formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. They play a crucial role in the structure and function of all matter, from the simplest gases to the most complex biological organisms.

molecules

distinct properties

Low melting points

Low boiling points

Intramolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule, determining the molecule's chemical properties and stability. These forces include covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and metallic bonds, each varying in strength and characteristics based on the nature of the atoms involved.

intramolecular forces

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring molecules, crucial for determining the physical properties of substances such as boiling and melting points. These forces, while weaker than intramolecular forces (bonds within molecules), play a significant role in the behavior of liquids, solids, and gases.

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