Cell signaling is a complex communication process that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions, ensuring that cells respond appropriately to their environment. It involves the transmission of signals via signaling molecules, receptors, and intracellular pathways, ultimately leading to a physiological response.

Cell Signaling

Cell signaling

communication process

basic cellular activities

cell actions

Environment response

transmission of signals

Signaling molecules are crucial biochemical entities that facilitate communication between cells, orchestrating complex biological processes and responses. They include a wide variety of molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and cytokines, each playing specific roles in maintaining homeostasis and responding to external stimuli.

signaling molecules

Receptors are specialized protein molecules located on the surface of cells or within cells that bind to specific ligands, triggering a biological response. They play a crucial role in cellular communication, influencing numerous physiological processes and are essential targets in drug development.

receptors

Intracellular pathways are complex networks of biochemical reactions and signaling events that regulate cellular processes, ensuring proper cell function and response to external stimuli. They involve a series of molecular interactions, often mediated by proteins, that transmit information from the cell surface to the nucleus or other cellular compartments.

intracellular pathways

A physiological response is the body's automatic reaction to a stimulus, often involving complex interactions between the nervous system, endocrine system, and various organs. These responses are crucial for maintaining homeostasis and can manifest as changes in heart rate, hormone levels, or immune system activity.

physiological response

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