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Calcium Storage

Where cells and bones stash Ca2+β€”and how they release it on demand

Biology β€’ Cell PhysiologyπŸš€ Beginner

Explore how cells and tissues store calcium and control its rapid release. Learn the roles of the ER/SR, mitochondria, and bone, along with key proteins and pumps that maintain calcium homeostasis.

⏱️
30 minTypical time
πŸ“‹
3Prerequisites
🎯
3Learning outcomes

πŸ“‹Prerequisites

  • Basic cell structure
  • Ions, charge, and membranes
  • Introductory physiology or biochemistry

🎯What You'll Learn

  • βœ“Identify major calcium stores (ER/SR, mitochondria, bone) and their functions
  • βœ“Explain how SERCA, PMCA, NCX, calsequestrin, IP3R, and RyR regulate Ca2+ handling
  • βœ“Relate calcium storage to muscle contraction, neurotransmission, and endocrine control

πŸ”—Related Concepts

prerequisiteIon HomeostasisprerequisiteMembrane Transport Mechanismsbuilds-onCalcium Signalingbuilds-onSarcoplasmic Reticulumsimilar-toBone Remodeling and Calcium Homeostasis

πŸ”‘Key Structures

  • Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • Mitochondria
  • Bone matrix (hydroxyapatite)

    • Molecular Players

  • SERCA pumps
  • PMCA
  • NCX (Na+/Ca2+ exchanger)
  • Calsequestrin
  • IP3 receptors (IP3R)
  • Ryanodine receptors (RyR)

    • Physiological Roles

  • Muscle contraction
  • Neurotransmitter release
  • Signal transduction
  • Blood clotting

    • Regulatory Hormones

  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
  • Calcitriol (Vitamin D3)
  • Calcitonin

    • πŸ”—Learn More

    πŸ”—Calcium signaling (overview)πŸ”—Sarcoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ handlingπŸ”—Endoplasmic reticulumπŸ”—Bone tissue and skeletal system (OpenStax)πŸ”—iBiology: Calcium SignalingπŸ”—Ryanodine receptorπŸ”—Nature: Calcium signalling topic page
    πŸ§ͺ

    Calcium Storage: Core Concept

    An introduction to where calcium is stored in the body and why it matters.

    ⏱️8 min

    SPEED READING MODE
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    Calcium Reservoirs and Mechanisms

    Explore the cellular and organ-level calcium pools and how they are regulated.

    ⏱️10 min

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    Physiological Roles and Bone Storage

    Understand how calcium storage supports muscle function, neurotransmission, and bone mineralization.

    ⏱️9 min

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    Regulation and Homeostasis

    How the body maintains calcium balance and regulated storage/release.

    ⏱️8 min

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    🎯

    Practice and Assessment

    Apply calcium storage concepts through quick checks and practical questions.

    ⏱️7 min
    Quiz
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