The C5b-9 complex, also known as the membrane attack complex (MAC), is a crucial component of the complement system that forms pores in the membranes of target cells, leading to cell lysis and death. It plays a vital role in innate immunity by directly eliminating pathogens and is implicated in various diseases when dysregulated.

C5b-9 Complex

The Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) is a crucial component of the immune system's complement pathway, forming a pore in the cell membrane of target pathogens to induce cell lysis and death. It is formed by the assembly of complement proteins C5b, C6, C7, C8, and multiple C9 molecules, creating a transmembrane channel that disrupts the integrity of the pathogen's membrane.

Membrane Attack Complex

The complement system is a crucial part of the innate immune response, consisting of a series of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens and damaged cells. It plays a role in inflammation and cell lysis, and can be activated through three pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative.

Complement System

Pores in membranes

Target cells, or codocytes, are red blood cells characterized by a bullseye appearance due to an excess of cell membrane relative to cell volume. They are often associated with conditions like liver disease, thalassemia, and hemoglobinopathies, indicating an underlying hematological disorder.

Target Cells

Cell lysis is the process of breaking down the cell membrane to release the cell's contents, often used in laboratory settings to extract proteins, nucleic acids, or other cellular components. This process can be achieved through mechanical, chemical, or enzymatic methods, each tailored to the specific type of cell and the desired outcome of the lysis.

Cell Lysis

Cell death is a fundamental biological process that can occur through different mechanisms such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, each playing distinct roles in development, homeostasis, and disease. Understanding these pathways is crucial for developing treatments for diseases where cell death is dysregulated, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

Cell Death

Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens, providing an immediate but non-specific response to invaders. It involves physical barriers, immune cells, and various proteins that recognize and respond to common features of pathogens without prior exposure.

Concepts

Relevant Degrees

Your Lessons