C3 deficiency is a rare immunological disorder characterized by the absence or dysfunction of the complement component 3, leading to increased susceptibility to infections and autoimmune diseases. It highlights the critical role of C3 in the complement system, which is essential for opsonization, inflammation, and lytic pathways in immune defense.

C3 Deficiency

Immunological disorder

Complement component 3

Increased susceptibility to infections

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. These diseases can affect almost any part of the body and are influenced by genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors.

Autoimmune Diseases

Critical role of C3

The complement system is a crucial part of the innate immune response, consisting of a series of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens and damaged cells. It plays a role in inflammation and cell lysis, and can be activated through three pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative.

Complement System

Opsonization is a process in the immune system where pathogens are marked for ingestion and destruction by phagocytes. This marking is facilitated by opsonins, such as antibodies or complement proteins, which bind to the surface of the pathogen and enhance its recognition and uptake by immune cells.

Opsonization

Inflammation is the body's complex biological response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective attempt to remove the injurious stimuli and initiate the healing process. While acute inflammation is a vital part of the immune response, chronic inflammation can contribute to various diseases, including arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers.

Inflammation

Lytic pathways

Immune defense is the body's complex system of biological processes that protect against disease by identifying and neutralizing pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. It involves both innate and adaptive immunity, working together to recognize and eliminate threats while maintaining tolerance to self-antigens.

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